Foreign States, Personal Jurisdiction, and the FSIA
A U.S. gas company has sued four Russian defendants in the Southern District of New York for seizing helium containers that the gas company had sent to Russia pursuant to a helium supply contract. One of the defendants, RusChemAlliance (RCA), moved to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The case is unusual because the plaintiff…
Continue ReadingUpdated Primer on Foreign Sovereign Immunity
TLB’s primer on foreign sovereign immunity has been updated to reflect recent cases, global developments, and new statutes. The primer on foreign sovereign immunity is part of a popular series of TLB primers covering topics such as personal jurisdiction, choice of law, and service of process. They serve as good teaching tools for classes on…
Continue ReadingA Primer on Foreign Sovereign Immunity
The immunity of states from the jurisdiction of foreign domestic courts is a long-standing and mostly uncontroversial principle of customary international law. The International Court of Justice has described foreign sovereign immunity as a procedural doctrine of international law, one that “derives from the principle of sovereign equality of the States.” As a practical matter,…
Continue ReadingTwo New Nazi Art Cases
Two new cases have been filed seeking the return of artwork that was taken from Jewish people during the Nazi era. Both cases were brought under a 2024 California law, Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 338.2, which allows for the filing of claims to “recover personal property stolen due to political persecution” within “six years…
Continue ReadingNatural Resources, Public Policy, and the New York Convention
Georgia (the country) recently argued in Enka Renewables LLC v. Georgia against the enforcement of an arbitral award that would purportedly violate U.S. public policy. Georgia relied on the U.S. public policy in favor of allowing other countries to control the natural resources within their own sovereign territories. But does the United States have such…
Continue ReadingDue Process and in rem Jurisdiction
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals recently held in United States v. Nasri that Fifth Amendment due process is violated if a federal court exercises in rem jurisdiction but lacks custody or constructive control over the property. The district court, Judge Hayes (S.D. Cal.), had held to the contrary, and Judge Bennett dissented from the panel…
Continue ReadingDoes the FSIA Permit Trials in Absentia?
During the course of a lengthy litigation, Venezuela stopped defending a lawsuit, due to a change in government. The court set pretrial deadlines, which Venezuela did not meet. The district court did not enter a default, however, because the plaintiff wanted instead to prove his case. The court accordingly held a bench trial (without Venezuela’s…
Continue ReadingThe New HEAR Act: Just in Time for the Cases That Inspired It?
When President Trump signed the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2025 on April 13, 2026, most commentary – including my own – generally discussed the Act as a forward-looking change that would help future claimants. Although I mentioned that the Act would apply to “current” plaintiffs, I did not explain which cases that might…
Continue ReadingRecognizing Governments, Recognition of Arbitral Awards
A company based in Barbados won an arbitral award against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (“Venezuela”) and petitioned to have it recognized and enforced in federal court in the United States. Venezuela objected on the ground that the arbitral panel allowed the Maduro regime to replace the lawyers that represented Venezuela – even though Maduro…
Continue ReadingThe FSIA and Agreements to Aribtrate
The enforcement of foreign arbitral awards has led to contested questions about personal jurisdiction, about the scope ofthe arbitration exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), and about the relationship between that exception and the New York Convention. A new case from the D.C. Circuit, Global Voice v. Republic of Guinea considers the scope…
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