Foreign States, Personal Jurisdiction, and the FSIA
A U.S. gas company has sued four Russian defendants in the Southern District of New York for seizing helium containers that the gas company had sent to Russia pursuant to a helium supply contract. One of the defendants, RusChemAlliance (RCA), moved to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The case is unusual because the plaintiff…
Continue ReadingA Primer on Foreign Sovereign Immunity
The immunity of states from the jurisdiction of foreign domestic courts is a long-standing and mostly uncontroversial principle of customary international law. The International Court of Justice has described foreign sovereign immunity as a procedural doctrine of international law, one that “derives from the principle of sovereign equality of the States.” As a practical matter,…
Continue ReadingDoes the FSIA Permit Trials in Absentia?
During the course of a lengthy litigation, Venezuela stopped defending a lawsuit, due to a change in government. The court set pretrial deadlines, which Venezuela did not meet. The district court did not enter a default, however, because the plaintiff wanted instead to prove his case. The court accordingly held a bench trial (without Venezuela’s…
Continue ReadingForum Connections in Arbitration Enforcement
The New York Convention requires signatory states to recognize and enforce foreign arbitral awards, subject only to narrow exceptions set forth in the treaty. The Convention’s fundamental purpose is to facilitate enforcement by making arbitral awards portable, allowing award holders to search the globe for assets (or information about assets) when a counterparty that promised…
Continue ReadingThe Post-Award Battlefield: What Stabil Means for Wartime Investment Awards
The next phase of Ukraine-related investment law will not unfold primarily before arbitral tribunals. It will unfold in domestic courts asked to convert wartime arbitral awards into recoverable money. The D.C. Circuit’s decision in Stabil LLC v. Russian Federation, affirming jurisdiction to enforce Crimea-related awards against Russia, shows both how far award creditors have come…
Continue ReadingStrange Statutory Interpretation in Foreign Relations Law: The October 2025 Term
The back end of the Supreme Court’s October Term 2025 brought us three decisions in statutory cases dealing with foreign relations law. Havana Docks Corp. v. Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. explored the scope of the Helms Burton Act, a sanctions statute targeting Cuba. Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Corporación Cimex, S.A. (Cuba) held that this statute…
Continue ReadingSupreme Court Says Helms-Burton Abrogates Foreign Sovereign Immunity
In Exxon Mobil Corp v. Corporación CIMEX, S.A. (Cuba), the Supreme Court held that the Helms-Burton Act abrogated the sovereign immunity of Cuban agencies and instrumentalities for suits brought under the Act. Plaintiffs may therefore pursue such suits whether or not they can satisfy one of the exceptions to immunity in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities…
Continue ReadingSupreme Court Decides Cisco and Cimex
Earlier today, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down decisions in two significant transnational litigation cases. In Cisco Systems, Inc. v. Doe, the Court held that federal courts may not recognize any new causes of action under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), “clos[ing] the door” on human rights litigation under the ATS and effectively overruling Sosa…
Continue ReadingThe FSIA and Agreements to Aribtrate
The enforcement of foreign arbitral awards has led to contested questions about personal jurisdiction, about the scope ofthe arbitration exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), and about the relationship between that exception and the New York Convention. A new case from the D.C. Circuit, Global Voice v. Republic of Guinea considers the scope…
Continue ReadingThe Solicitor General Opposes Cert in Spain v. Blasket but Opens the Door to Future FSIA Challenges to Award Enforcement
Last week, in Kingdom of Spain v. Blasket Renewable Investments LLC, the Solicitor General (SG) weighed in on whether U.S. courts have jurisdiction to enforce arbitral awards arising from disputes between European investors and EU Member States—so-called “intra-EU” investment arbitrations. These awards have generated significant controversy around the world following landmark rulings by the Court…
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