The Court held that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(6)’s “extraordinary circumstances” standard remains fully applicable—even when a party seeks relief to file an amended complaint—and cannot be diluted by balancing it against Rule 15(a)’s liberal amendment policy. The plaintiffs had asked to vacate a final judgment under Rule 60(b)(6) to replead their complaint, citing the Second Circuit’s clarification of the aiding-and-abetting standard. The Court unanimously ruled however that a movant must first satisfy Rule 60(b)(6)’s rigorous standard by demonstrating "extraordinary circumstances" before Rule 15(a) can come into play.