Statutes Directing Courts to Ignore Forum Selection Clauses
Alabama
Consumer Lease – Ala. Code § 7-2A-106(2)
Foreign Law – Ala. Const., art. I, § 13.50(e)
Heavy Equipment Dealer – Ala. Code § 8-21B-13
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Ala. Code § 8-20-4(3)(m)(4)
Alaska
Consumer Lease – Alaska Stat. Ann. § 45.12.106(b)
Student Loan Contract – Alaska Stat. Ann. § 14.48.160(a)(4)
Arizona
Construction Contract – Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 32-1186(A)(1); Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 34-227; Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 41-2583
Consumer Lease – Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 47-2A106(B)
Equipment Dealer Contract – Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 44-6709(B)
Arkansas
Construction Contract – Ark. Code Ann. § 4-56-104(c); Ark. Code Ann. § 22-9-214(c)
Consumer Automobile Purchase – Ark. Code Ann. § 4-75-413(a)(2)
Consumer Lease – Ark. Code Ann. § 4-2A-106(2)
Foreign Law – Ark. Code Ann. §1-1-103(c)-(d)(1)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Ark. Code Ann. § 23-112-403(b)(1)(B)
Restaurant Franchise – Ark. Code Ann. § 4-72-603(c)
Sales Representatives – Ark. Code Ann. § 4-70-302(c)
California
Beer Manufacturer/Wholesaler Agreement – Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 25000.6(a)
Child Support Contract – Cal. Fam. Code § 5614(b)(7)
Construction Contract – Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 410.42(a)
Consumer Contract – Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 116.225
Consumer Lease – Cal. Com. Code § 10106(b)
Consumer Credit – Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 116.225
Employment Agreement – Cal. Lab. Code § 925(a)(1)
Equipment Dealer Contract – Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22927
Franchise Agreement – Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 20040.5
Colorado
Consumer Credit – Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 5-1-201(8)(c)
Consumer Lease – Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 4-2.5-106(2)
Covenant Not to Compete – Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 8-2-113(6)
Foreclosure – Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. 6-1-1106(1)(c)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Colo. Rev. Stat. § 44-20-132(1)(a)
Connecticut
Consumer Lease – Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 42a-2A-106(b)
Construction Contract – Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 42-158m
Franchise Agreement – Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 42-133f(f) (as interpreted in Pepe v. GNC Franchising, Inc., 46 Conn. Supp. 296, 298-99, 750 A.2d 1167, 1168-69 (2000))
Delaware
Construction Contract - Del Code Ann. tit. 6, § 3507(e)(5)
Consumer Lease – Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 2A-106(2)
Foreclosure – Del. Code Ann. tit. 6, § 2424B
Statutory Trust – Del. Code Ann. tit. 12, § 3804(e)
Florida
Construction Contract – Fla. Stat. Ann. § 47.025 ; Fla. Stat. Ann. § 255.05(1)(e) (for public buildings)
Consumer Lease – Fla. Stat. Ann. § 680.1061(2)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Fla. Stat. Ann. § 320.64(31)(a)
Transfer of Liens to Security – Fla. Stat. Ann. § 713.24(3) (as interpreted in Attaway Elec., Inc. v. Kelsey Constr., Inc., 120 So. 3d 77, 79 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013))
Georgia
Consumer Lease – Ga. Code Ann. § 11-2A-106(2)
High-Cost Home Loan – Ga. Code Ann. § 7-6A-5(6) ; GA. Code Ann. § 7-6A-7(g)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Ga. Code Ann. § 10-1-623
Payday Lending Transaction – Ga. Code Ann. 16-17-2(c)(1)
Hawaii
Consumer Credit – Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 476-30(f)(4)
Consumer Lease – Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 490:2A-106(b)
Insurance – Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 431:10-221(a)(2)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 437-52(a)(1) (LexisNexis2021)
Idaho
Consumer Credit – Idaho Code § 28-41-201(8)(c)
Consumer Lease – Idaho Code Ann. § 28-12-106(2)
General Prohibition – Idaho Code Ann. § 29-110
Illinois
Construction Contract – 815 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 665/10
Consumer Lease – 810 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 5/2A-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – 815 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 705/4
Indiana
Construction Contract – Ind. Code Ann. § 32-28-3-17(2)
Consumer Credit – Ind. Code Ann. § 24-4.5-1-201(6)(c)
Consumer Lease – Ind. Code Ann. § 26-1-2.1-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – Ind. Code Ann. § 23-2-2.7-1(10)
Iowa
Construction Contract – Iowa Code § 537A.6
Consumer Credit – Iowa Code Ann. § 537.1201(6)(a)(4)
Consumer Lease – Iowa Code Ann. § 554.13106(2)
Franchise Agreement – Iowa Code Ann. § 523H.3 ; Iowa Code Ann. § 537A.10(3)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Iowa Code Ann. § 322A.19
Transfer on Death Security Registration – Iowa Code Ann. § 633D.8(7)
Kansas
Construction Contract – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16-121(e); Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16-1803(b)(1)
Consumer Credit – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16a-1-201(8)(c)
Consumer Lease – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 84-2a-106(2)
Dealer Agreement – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16-121(e)
Foreign Law – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 60-5105(b)
Franchise Agreement – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16-121(e)
Motor Carrier Transportation Contract – Kan. Stat. Ann. § 16-121(e)
Kentucky
Consumer Lease – Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 355.2A-106(2)
Louisiana
Child Support Contract – La. Stat. Ann. §51:1444(B)(1)
Construction Contract – La. Stat. Ann. § 9:2779(B)(1) ; La. Stat. Ann. § 38:2196(B)(1) (for public contracts); La. Stat. Ann. § 48:251.8(1) (for public highway contracts)
Consumer Credit – La. Stat. Ann. § 9:3511(C)(2)
Consumer Transaction – La. Stat. Ann. § 51:1418(C)
Employment Agreement – La. Stat. Ann. § 23:921(A)(2)
Foreign Law – La. Stat. Ann. § 9:6001(E)
General Prohibition – La. Code Civ. Proc. Ann. art. 44
Insurance Contract – La. Stat. Ann. § 22:868(A)(2)
Lease of Movable Property – La. Stat. Ann. § 9:3303(F)(2)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – La. Stat. Ann. § 32:1261(A)(1)(a)(v)
Out-of-State Telephone Solicitor – La. Stat. Ann. § 51:1407(A)
Maine
Consumer Credit – Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 9-A, § 1-201(8)(C)
Consumer Lease – Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 11, § 2-1106(2)
Residential Mortgage Loan – Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 9-A, § 8-506(6)(I)
Maryland
Consumer Lease – Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 2A-106(2)
Foreclosure – Md. Code Ann., Real Prop. § 7-310(b)
Insurance – Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 12-209(4)
Massachusetts
Consumer Lease – Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 106, § 2A-106(2)
High-Cost Home Loan – Mass. Ann. Laws ch. 183C, § 13
Insurance – Mass. Ann. Laws CH. 175, § 22
Michigan
Consumer Lease – Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 440.2806(2)
Franchise Agreement – Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 445.1527(f)
Model Choice of Forum Act – Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 600.745(3)
Minnesota
Construction Contract – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 337.10(1)
Consumer Lease – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 336.2A-106(2)
Consumer Short-Term Loan – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 47.601(2)(a)(2)
Covenant Not to Compete – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 181.988(3)(a)(1)
Franchise Agreement – Minn. R. 2860.4400(J)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 80E.135(1)
Sales Representative – Minn. Stat. Ann. § 325E.37(7)(2)
Mississippi
Construction Contract – Miss. Code. Ann. § 87-7-9(1)
Consumer Lease – Miss. Code. Ann. § 75-2A-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – Miss. Code. Ann. § 75-77-17
Motor Vehicle Distribution – Miss. Code Ann. § 63-17-119(2)
General Retailer Agreement – Miss. Code. Ann. § 75-77-17
Missouri
Consumer Lease – Mo. Ann. Stat. § 400.2A-106(2)
Structured Settlement – Mo. Ann. Stat. § 407.1066(4)
Montana
Consumer Lease – Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2A-106(2)
Construction Contract – Mont. Code Ann. § 28-2-2116(1)
General Prohibition – Mont. Code Ann. § 28-2-708
Timeshare Agreement – Mont. Code Ann. § 37-53-306(3)
Nebraska
Construction Contract – Neb. Rev. Stat. § 45-1209(3)
Consumer Lease – Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 2A-106(2)
Foreclosure – Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 76-2715(3)
Model Choice of Forum Act – Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-415
Student Loan Contract – Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 85-1645(4)
Nevada
Construction Contract – Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 108.2453(2)(d)
Consumer Contract – Nev. Rev. Stat. § 97B.100(2)
Consumer Credit – Nev. Rev. Stat. § 97B.100(2)
Consumer Lease – Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 104A.2106(2)
Student Loan Contract – Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 394.590(1)(d)
New Hampshire
Consumer Lease – N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 382-A:2A-106(2)
Model Choice of Forum Act – N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 508-A:3
Motor Vehicle Franchise – N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 357-C:3(1-b)(p)(2) ; N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 357-C:6(III)
Sales Representatives – N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 339-E:2(III)
New Jersey
Consumer Lease – N.J. Stat. Ann. § 12A:2A-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – N.J. Stat. Ann. § 56:10-10
High-Cost Home Loan – N.J. Stat. Ann. § 46:10B-26(e)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – N.J. Stat. Ann. § 56:10-7.3(a)(2)
New Mexico
Construction Contract – N.M. Stat. Ann. § 57-28A-1(A)(2)
Consumer Lease – N.M. Stat. Ann. § 55-2A-106(2)-(3)
Foreclosure – N.M. Stat. Ann. § 47-15-5(G)(3)
Health Care Practitioner Employment Agreement – N.M. Stat. Ann. § 24-1I-2(B)(2)
High-Cost Home Loan – N.M. Stat. Ann. § 58-21A-5(C)
New York
Construction Contract – N.Y. Gen. BUS. LAW § 757(1)
Consumer Lease – N.Y. U.C.C. LAW § 2-A-106(2)
North Carolina
Construction Contract – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 22B-2
Consumer Lease – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2A-106(2)
Foreign Law – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-87.17
General Prohibition – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 22B-3
High Interest Loans – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 24-2.1 (as interpreted in Troublefield v. Automoney, Inc., 284 N.C. App. 494, 512, 876 S.E.2d 790, 803 (2022))
Insurance Contract – N.C. Gen. Stat. § 58-3-35(a)
North Dakota
Consumer Lease – N.D. Cent. Code § 41-02.1-06(2)
Model Choice of Forum Act – N.D. Cent. Code § 28-04.1-03
Ohio
Construction Contract – Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4113.62(D)(2)
Consumer Lease – Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 1310.04(B)
General Franchise – Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 1334.06(E)
Oklahoma
Construction Contract – Okla. Stat. Tit. 15, § 821(B)(1); Okla. Stat. Tit. 15, § 221(E) (2019); Okla. Stat. Tit. 61, § 227(B)(1) (for public highway contracts)
Consumer Credit – Okla. Stat. Tit. 14A, § 1-201(9)(c)
Consumer Lease – Okla. Stat. Tit. 12A, § 2A-106(2)
Deferred Deposit Lending Agreement – Okla. Stat. Tit. 59, § 3150.12(E)(1)(c) (2019)
Foreign Law – Okla. Stat. Tit. 12 § 20
General Prohibition – Okla. Stat. Tit. 15, § 216
Oregon
Construction Contract – Or. Rev. Stat. § 701.640(1)(a)
Consumer Contract – Or. Rev. Stat. § 81.150(2)
Consumer Lease – Or. Rev. Stat. § 72A.1060(2)
Foreclosure – Or. Rev. Stat. § 646A.710(2)(d)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Or. Rev. Stat.§ 650.165(2)
Pennsylvania
Construction Contract – 73 PA. Stat. and Cons. Ann. § 514
Consumer Lease – 13 PA. Stat. and Cons. Stat. § 2A106(b)
Rhode Island
Construction Contract – 6 R.I. Gen. Laws. Ann. § 6-34.1-1(a)
Consumer Lease – 6A R.I. Gen. Laws § 6A-2.1-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – 19 R.I. Gen. Laws Ann. § 19-28.1-14
Home Loan – 34 R.I. Gen. Laws Ann. § 34-25.2-5(e)
Insurance – R.I. Gen. Laws Ann. § 27-4-13
South Carolina
Consumer Credit – S.C. Code Ann. § 37-1-201(10)(d)
Consumer Lease – S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2A-106(2)
General Prohibition – S.C. Code Ann. § 15-7-120(A)
South Dakota
Consumer Lease – S.D. Codified Laws § 57A-2A-106(2)
Franchise Agreement – S.D. Codified Laws § 37-5-11
General Prohibition – S.D. Codified Laws § 53-9-6
Insurance Contract – S.D. Codified Laws § 58-15-50
Motor Vehicle Franchise – S.D. Codified Laws § 32-6B-49.1(2)
Tennessee
Construction Contract – Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-11-208(a)
Consumer Contract – Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-113(b)
Consumer Lease – Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-2A-106(2)
Deferred Presentment Services Agreement – Tenn. Code Ann. § 45-17-112(s)(1)(B)
Franchise Agreement – Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-25-1312
Foreign Law – Tenn. Code Ann. § 20-15-104(a)
Model Choice of Forum Act – Dyersburg Mach. Works, Inc. v. Rentenbach Eng’g Co., 650 S.W.2d 378, 380 (Tenn. 1983)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-25-1913(b)
Student Loan Contract – Tenn. Code Ann. § 49-7-2015(a)(2)(D)
Texas
Censorship by Social Media Platforms - Tex. Civ. Prac & Rem. Code § 143A.0035
Construction Contract – Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 272.001(b)
Consumer Lease – Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 2A.106(b)
Sales Representatives – Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 54.002(c)
Utah
Construction Contract – Utah Code Ann. § 13-8-3(2)
Consumer Lease – Utah Code Ann. § 70A-2a-106(2)
Insurance – Utah Code Ann. § 31A-21-314(2)(b)
Vermont
Agricultural Finance Lease – Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 9, § 2389(b)
Consumer Lease – Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 9A, § 2A-106(2)
Credit Card Terminal Finance Lease – Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 9, § 2482i(5)(A)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 9, § 4100a(b) ; VT. Stat. Ann. Tit. 9 § 4097(15)(B)
Virginia
Construction Contract – Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-262.1(A)
Consumer Lease – Va. Code Ann. § 8.2A-106(2)
Insurance – Va. Code Ann. § 38.2-312
Washington
Actions by or Against Counties – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 36.01.050(3)
Consumer Lease – Wash. Rev. Code § 62A.2A-106(2)
Covenant Not to Compete - Wash. Rev. Code § 49.62.050(1)
Insurance Contract – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 48.18.200(1)(b)
Motor Vehicle Franchise – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 46.96.240
Student Loan Contract – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 28B.85.140(4) ; Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 28C.10.170(4)
Timeshare Agreement – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 64.36.120(3)
Sales Representatives – Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 49.48.160(1)
West Virginia
Construction Contract – W. Va. Code 56-1-1b
Consumer Lease – W. Va. Code § 46-2A-106(2)
Wisconsin
Construction Contract – Wis. Stat. Ann. § 779.135(2)
Consumer Contract – Wis. Stat. Ann. § 421.201(10)(c)
Consumer Credit – Wis. Stat. § 421.201(10)(c)
Consumer Lease – Wis. Stat. § 411.106(2)
Insurance Contract – Wis. Stat. Ann. § 631.83(3)(b)
Wyoming
Consumer Lease – Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 34.1-2.A-106(b)
Consumer Credit – Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 40-14-120(j)(iii)